What emotional responses may occur due to prolonged immobility?

• A. Euphoria, energy, motivation
• B. Anxiety, irritability
• C. Anger, hostility
• D. Depression, sadness, dejection

Answer: (D)

Prolonged immobility commonly triggers mood disturbances because the inability to move restricts participation in daily activities, independence, and social interaction. When routines are disrupted, isolation increases and a sense of control diminishes, leading to feelings of sadness and dejection that can progress to depressive symptoms. Sleep quality and energy often decline as activity levels stay low, reinforcing a negative mood cycle. For these reasons, depression, sadness, and dejection are the emotional responses most likely to emerge with long-term immobility.

While anxiety, irritability, or anger can occur in response to immobilization, they are less characteristic as persistent mood changes. Euphoria or high motivation would not typically arise in this context.